[
  {
    "sku": "30204",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 20,
    "D_mm": 47,
    "B_mm": 15.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 111,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30204 encode the bore: code 04 = 20 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 47 mm outside diameter and 15.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.787 × 1.85 × 0.6 in, with a 13.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 20 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 20 mm bore the small 30204 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 20 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 302 light series at 20 mm bore (47×15.25 mm, 13.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32204 on the same 20 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30204, machine the 20 mm shaft seat and 47 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 15.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 13.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 30204 cup drives into the 47 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 15.25 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30204 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 47 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 20 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 20 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 15.25 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 30204 cone onto the 20 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 47 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30204 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30204 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 20 mm bore, 47 mm outer diameter and 15.25 mm total assembly width (0.787 × 1.85 × 0.6 in), a 13.5 mm radial section and roughly 111 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30204 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30204 are bore code 04, giving 04 × 5 = 20 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 47 mm OD and 15.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30204?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30204 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30204 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 20 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 20 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30204 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30204 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30204",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30205",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 25,
    "D_mm": 52,
    "B_mm": 16.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 135,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30205 encode the bore: code 05 = 25 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 52 mm outside diameter and 16.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.984 × 2.047 × 0.64 in, with a 13.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 25 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 25 mm bore the small 30205 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 25 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 302 light series at 25 mm bore (52×16.25 mm, 13.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32205 on the same 25 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 30205: a generous fillet on the 25 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 16.25 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 13.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 52 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 30205 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 25 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 16.25 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 30205 pair matched through rebuilds; the 16.25 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 25 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Press the 30205 cone onto the 25 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 52 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 30200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30205 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30205 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 25 mm bore, 52 mm outer diameter and 16.25 mm total assembly width (0.984 × 2.047 × 0.64 in), a 13.5 mm radial section and roughly 135 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30205 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30205 are bore code 05, giving 05 × 5 = 25 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 52 mm OD and 16.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30205?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30205 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30205 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 25 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 25 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30205 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30205 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30205",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30206",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 30,
    "D_mm": 62,
    "B_mm": 17.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 204,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30206 encode the bore: code 06 = 30 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 62 mm outside diameter and 17.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.181 × 2.441 × 0.679 in, with a 16.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 30 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 30 mm bore the small 30206 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 30 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 302 light series at 30 mm bore (62×17.25 mm, 16.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32206 on the same 30 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "The 17.25 mm-wide 30206 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 30 mm bore and 62 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 16.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 30206 to a 30 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 62 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 30206 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 30 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 17.25 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Do not swap a 30200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30206 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30206 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 30 mm bore, 62 mm outer diameter and 17.25 mm total assembly width (1.181 × 2.441 × 0.679 in), a 16.0 mm radial section and roughly 204 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30206 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30206 are bore code 06, giving 06 × 5 = 30 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 62 mm OD and 17.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30206?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30206 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30206 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 30 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 30 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30206 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30206 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30206",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30207",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 35,
    "D_mm": 72,
    "B_mm": 18.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 290,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30207 encode the bore: code 07 = 35 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 72 mm outside diameter and 18.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.378 × 2.835 × 0.719 in, with a 18.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 35 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 35 mm bore the small 30207 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 35 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 302 light series at 35 mm bore (72×18.25 mm, 18.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32207 on the same 35 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30207, machine the 35 mm shaft seat and 72 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 18.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 18.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 30207 cup drives into the 72 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 18.25 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30207 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 72 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 35 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 30207 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 302-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30207 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30207 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 35 mm bore, 72 mm outer diameter and 18.25 mm total assembly width (1.378 × 2.835 × 0.719 in), a 18.5 mm radial section and roughly 290 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30207 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30207 are bore code 07, giving 07 × 5 = 35 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 72 mm OD and 18.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30207?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30207 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30207 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 35 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 35 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30207 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30207 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30207",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30208",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 40,
    "D_mm": 80,
    "B_mm": 19.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 380,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30208 encode the bore: code 08 = 40 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 80 mm outside diameter and 19.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.575 × 3.15 × 0.778 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 40 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 40 mm-bore 30208, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 40 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 40 mm bore (80×19.75 mm, 20.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32208 on the same 40 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 30208: a generous fillet on the 40 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 19.75 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 20.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 80 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 30208 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 40 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 19.75 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 30208 pair matched through rebuilds; the 19.75 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 40 mm shaft alignment.",
      "A single 30208 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 302-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 30208 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30208 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30208 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 40 mm bore, 80 mm outer diameter and 19.75 mm total assembly width (1.575 × 3.15 × 0.778 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 380 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30208 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30208 are bore code 08, giving 08 × 5 = 40 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 80 mm OD and 19.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30208?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30208 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30208 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 40 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 40 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30208 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30208 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30208",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30209",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 45,
    "D_mm": 85,
    "B_mm": 20.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 432,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30209 encode the bore: code 09 = 45 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 85 mm outside diameter and 20.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.772 × 3.346 × 0.817 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 45 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 45 mm-bore 30209, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 45 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 45 mm bore (85×20.75 mm, 20.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32209 on the same 45 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "The 20.75 mm-wide 30209 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 45 mm bore and 85 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 20.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 30209 to a 45 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 85 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 30209 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 45 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 20.75 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "The cone and the cup of 30209 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 45 mm-bore 30209 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30209 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30209 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 45 mm bore, 85 mm outer diameter and 20.75 mm total assembly width (1.772 × 3.346 × 0.817 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 432 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30209 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30209 are bore code 09, giving 09 × 5 = 45 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 85 mm OD and 20.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30209?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30209 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30209 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 45 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 45 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30209 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30209 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30209",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30210",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 50,
    "D_mm": 90,
    "B_mm": 21.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 488,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30210 encode the bore: code 10 = 50 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 90 mm outside diameter and 21.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.969 × 3.543 × 0.856 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 50 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 50 mm-bore 30210, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 50 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 50 mm bore (90×21.75 mm, 20.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32210 on the same 50 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30210, machine the 50 mm shaft seat and 90 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 21.75 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 20.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 30210 cup drives into the 90 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 21.75 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30210 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 90 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 50 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 50 mm-bore 30210 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30210 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30210 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 50 mm bore, 90 mm outer diameter and 21.75 mm total assembly width (1.969 × 3.543 × 0.856 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 488 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30210 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30210 are bore code 10, giving 10 × 5 = 50 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 90 mm OD and 21.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30210?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30210 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30210 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 50 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 50 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30210 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30210 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30210",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30211",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 55,
    "D_mm": 100,
    "B_mm": 22.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 636,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30211 encode the bore: code 11 = 55 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 100 mm outside diameter and 22.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.165 × 3.937 × 0.896 in, with a 22.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 55 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 55 mm-bore 30211, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 55 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 55 mm bore (100×22.75 mm, 22.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32211 on the same 55 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 30211: a generous fillet on the 55 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 22.75 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 22.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 100 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 30211 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 55 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 22.75 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 30211 pair matched through rebuilds; the 22.75 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 55 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 55 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 22.75 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30211 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30211 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 55 mm bore, 100 mm outer diameter and 22.75 mm total assembly width (2.165 × 3.937 × 0.896 in), a 22.5 mm radial section and roughly 636 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30211 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30211 are bore code 11, giving 11 × 5 = 55 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 100 mm OD and 22.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30211?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30211 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30211 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 55 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 55 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30211 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30211 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30211",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30212",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 60,
    "D_mm": 110,
    "B_mm": 23.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 809,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30212 encode the bore: code 12 = 60 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 110 mm outside diameter and 23.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.362 × 4.331 × 0.935 in, with a 25.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 60 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 60 mm-bore 30212, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 60 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 60 mm bore (110×23.75 mm, 25.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32212 on the same 60 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "The 23.75 mm-wide 30212 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 60 mm bore and 110 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 25.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 30212 to a 60 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 110 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 30212 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 60 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 23.75 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 60 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 23.75 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 30212 cone onto the 60 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 110 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30212 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30212 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 60 mm bore, 110 mm outer diameter and 23.75 mm total assembly width (2.362 × 4.331 × 0.935 in), a 25.0 mm radial section and roughly 809 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30212 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30212 are bore code 12, giving 12 × 5 = 60 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 110 mm OD and 23.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30212?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30212 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30212 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 60 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 60 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30212 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30212 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30212",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30213",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 65,
    "D_mm": 120,
    "B_mm": 24.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1009,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30213 encode the bore: code 13 = 65 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 120 mm outside diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.559 × 4.724 × 0.974 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 65 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 65 mm-bore 30213, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 65 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 65 mm bore (120×24.75 mm, 27.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32213 on the same 65 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30213, machine the 65 mm shaft seat and 120 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 24.75 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 27.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 30213 cup drives into the 120 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 24.75 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30213 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 120 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 65 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Press the 30213 cone onto the 65 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 120 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 30200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30213 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30213 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 65 mm bore, 120 mm outer diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width (2.559 × 4.724 × 0.974 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1009 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30213 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30213 are bore code 13, giving 13 × 5 = 65 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 120 mm OD and 24.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30213?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30213 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30213 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 65 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 65 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30213 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30213 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30213",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30214",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 70,
    "D_mm": 125,
    "B_mm": 24.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1064,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30214 encode the bore: code 14 = 70 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 125 mm outside diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.756 × 4.921 × 0.974 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 70 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 70 mm-bore 30214, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 70 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 70 mm bore (125×24.75 mm, 27.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32214 on the same 70 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 30214: a generous fillet on the 70 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 24.75 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 27.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 125 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 30214 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 70 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 24.75 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 30214 pair matched through rebuilds; the 24.75 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 70 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Do not swap a 30200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30214 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30214 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 70 mm bore, 125 mm outer diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width (2.756 × 4.921 × 0.974 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1064 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30214 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30214 are bore code 14, giving 14 × 5 = 70 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 125 mm OD and 24.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30214?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30214 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30214 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 70 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 70 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30214 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30214 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30214",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30215",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 75,
    "D_mm": 130,
    "B_mm": 27.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1231,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30215 encode the bore: code 15 = 75 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 130 mm outside diameter and 27.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.953 × 5.118 × 1.073 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 75 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 75 mm-bore 30215, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 75 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 302 light series at 75 mm bore (130×27.25 mm, 27.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32215 on the same 75 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "The 27.25 mm-wide 30215 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 75 mm bore and 130 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 27.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 30215 to a 75 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 130 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 30215 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 75 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 27.25 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 30215 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 302-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30215 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30215 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 75 mm bore, 130 mm outer diameter and 27.25 mm total assembly width (2.953 × 5.118 × 1.073 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1231 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30215 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30215 are bore code 15, giving 15 × 5 = 75 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 130 mm OD and 27.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30215?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30215 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30215 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 75 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 75 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30215 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30215 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30215",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30216",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 80,
    "D_mm": 140,
    "B_mm": 28.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1494,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30216 encode the bore: code 16 = 80 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 140 mm outside diameter and 28.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.15 × 5.512 × 1.112 in, with a 30.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 80 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 80 mm-bore 30216 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 80 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 80 mm bore (140×28.25 mm, 30.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32216 on the same 80 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30216, machine the 80 mm shaft seat and 140 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 28.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 30.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 30216 cup drives into the 140 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 28.25 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30216 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 140 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 80 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "A single 30216 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 302-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 30216 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30216 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30216 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 80 mm bore, 140 mm outer diameter and 28.25 mm total assembly width (3.15 × 5.512 × 1.112 in), a 30.0 mm radial section and roughly 1494 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30216 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30216 are bore code 16, giving 16 × 5 = 80 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 140 mm OD and 28.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30216?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30216 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30216 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 80 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 80 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30216 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30216 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30216",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30217",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 85,
    "D_mm": 150,
    "B_mm": 30.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1867,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30217 encode the bore: code 17 = 85 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 150 mm outside diameter and 30.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.346 × 5.906 × 1.201 in, with a 32.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 85 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 85 mm-bore 30217 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 85 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 85 mm bore (150×30.5 mm, 32.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32217 on the same 85 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 30217: a generous fillet on the 85 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 30.5 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 32.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 150 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 30217 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 85 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 30.5 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 30217 pair matched through rebuilds; the 30.5 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 85 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The cone and the cup of 30217 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 85 mm-bore 30217 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30217 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30217 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 85 mm bore, 150 mm outer diameter and 30.5 mm total assembly width (3.346 × 5.906 × 1.201 in), a 32.5 mm radial section and roughly 1867 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30217 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30217 are bore code 17, giving 17 × 5 = 85 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 150 mm OD and 30.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30217?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30217 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30217 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 85 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 85 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30217 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30217 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30217",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30218",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 90,
    "D_mm": 160,
    "B_mm": 32.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2279,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30218 encode the bore: code 18 = 90 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 160 mm outside diameter and 32.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.543 × 6.299 × 1.28 in, with a 35.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 90 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 90 mm-bore 30218 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 90 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 90 mm bore (160×32.5 mm, 35.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32218 on the same 90 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "The 32.5 mm-wide 30218 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 90 mm bore and 160 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 35.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 30218 to a 90 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 160 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 30218 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 90 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 32.5 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 90 mm-bore 30218 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30218 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30218 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 90 mm bore, 160 mm outer diameter and 32.5 mm total assembly width (3.543 × 6.299 × 1.28 in), a 35.0 mm radial section and roughly 2279 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30218 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30218 are bore code 18, giving 18 × 5 = 90 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 160 mm OD and 32.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30218?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30218 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30218 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 90 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 90 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30218 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30218 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30218",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30219",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 95,
    "D_mm": 170,
    "B_mm": 34.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2748,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30219 encode the bore: code 19 = 95 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 170 mm outside diameter and 34.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.74 × 6.693 × 1.358 in, with a 37.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 95 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 95 mm-bore 30219 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 95 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 95 mm bore (170×34.5 mm, 37.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32219 on the same 95 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30219, machine the 95 mm shaft seat and 170 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 34.5 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 37.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 30219 cup drives into the 170 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 34.5 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30219 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 170 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 95 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 95 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 34.5 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30219 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30219 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 95 mm bore, 170 mm outer diameter and 34.5 mm total assembly width (3.74 × 6.693 × 1.358 in), a 37.5 mm radial section and roughly 2748 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30219 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30219 are bore code 19, giving 19 × 5 = 95 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 170 mm OD and 34.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30219?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30219 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30219 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 95 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 95 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30219 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30219 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30219",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30220",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 100,
    "D_mm": 180,
    "B_mm": 37,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 3321,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30220 encode the bore: code 20 = 100 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 180 mm outside diameter and 37 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.937 × 7.087 × 1.457 in, with a 40.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 100 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 100 mm-bore 30220 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 100 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 100 mm bore (180×37 mm, 40.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32220 on the same 100 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 30220: a generous fillet on the 100 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 37 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 40.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 180 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 30220 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 100 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 37 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 30220 pair matched through rebuilds; the 37 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 100 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 100 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 37 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 30220 cone onto the 100 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 180 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30220 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30220 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 100 mm bore, 180 mm outer diameter and 37 mm total assembly width (3.937 × 7.087 × 1.457 in), a 40.0 mm radial section and roughly 3321 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30220 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30220 are bore code 20, giving 20 × 5 = 100 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 180 mm OD and 37 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30220?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30220 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30220 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 100 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 100 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30220 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30220 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30220",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30221",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 105,
    "D_mm": 190,
    "B_mm": 39,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 3919,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30221 encode the bore: code 21 = 105 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 190 mm outside diameter and 39 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.134 × 7.48 × 1.535 in, with a 42.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 105 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 105 mm-bore 30221 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 105 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 105 mm bore (190×39 mm, 42.5 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32221 on the same 105 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "The 39 mm-wide 30221 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 105 mm bore and 190 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 42.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 30221 to a 105 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 190 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 30221 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 105 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 39 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Press the 30221 cone onto the 105 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 190 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 30200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30221 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30221 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 105 mm bore, 190 mm outer diameter and 39 mm total assembly width (4.134 × 7.48 × 1.535 in), a 42.5 mm radial section and roughly 3919 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30221 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30221 are bore code 21, giving 21 × 5 = 105 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 190 mm OD and 39 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30221?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30221 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30221 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 105 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 105 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30221 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30221 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30221",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "30222",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "30200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 110,
    "D_mm": 200,
    "B_mm": 41,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 4584,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 30200-series the last two digits of 30222 encode the bore: code 22 = 110 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 200 mm outside diameter and 41 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.331 × 7.874 × 1.614 in, with a 45.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 110 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 110 mm-bore 30222 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 110 mm shaft.",
      "The 302 light series at 110 mm bore (200×41 mm, 45.0 mm section) is the default general-purpose tapered row; a 32222 on the same 110 mm bore uses the same OD but a wider section for heavier load — it is not a like-for-like width swap.",
      "Before fitting 30222, machine the 110 mm shaft seat and 200 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 41 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 45.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 30222 cup drives into the 200 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 41 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 30222 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 200 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 110 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Do not swap a 30200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 30222 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 30222 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 110 mm bore, 200 mm outer diameter and 41 mm total assembly width (4.331 × 7.874 × 1.614 in), a 45.0 mm radial section and roughly 4584 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 30222 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 30222 are bore code 22, giving 22 × 5 = 110 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 200 mm OD and 41 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 30222?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 30222 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 30222 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 110 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 110 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 30222 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 30222 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "30222",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32204",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 20,
    "D_mm": 47,
    "B_mm": 19,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 138,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32204 encode the bore: code 04 = 20 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 47 mm outside diameter and 19 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.787 × 1.85 × 0.748 in, with a 13.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 20 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 20 mm bore the small 32204 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 20 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 322 medium series at 20 mm bore (47×19 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30204 on the same OD; the wider 19 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32204, machine the 20 mm shaft seat and 47 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 19 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 13.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32204 cup drives into the 47 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 19 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32204 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 20 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 19 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Do not swap a 32200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32204 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32204 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 20 mm bore, 47 mm outer diameter and 19 mm total assembly width (0.787 × 1.85 × 0.748 in), a 13.5 mm radial section and roughly 138 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32204 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32204 are bore code 04, giving 04 × 5 = 20 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 47 mm OD and 19 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32204?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32204 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32204 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 20 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 20 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32204 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32204 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32204",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32205",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 25,
    "D_mm": 52,
    "B_mm": 19.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 160,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32205 encode the bore: code 05 = 25 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 52 mm outside diameter and 19.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.984 × 2.047 × 0.758 in, with a 13.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 25 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 25 mm bore the small 32205 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 25 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 322 medium series at 25 mm bore (52×19.25 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30205 on the same OD; the wider 19.25 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32205: a generous fillet on the 25 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 19.25 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 13.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 52 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32205 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 25 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 19.25 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Inspect the removed 32205 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 52 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 25 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32205 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 322-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32205 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32205 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 25 mm bore, 52 mm outer diameter and 19.25 mm total assembly width (0.984 × 2.047 × 0.758 in), a 13.5 mm radial section and roughly 160 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32205 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32205 are bore code 05, giving 05 × 5 = 25 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 52 mm OD and 19.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32205?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32205 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32205 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 25 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 25 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32205 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32205 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32205",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32206",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 30,
    "D_mm": 62,
    "B_mm": 21.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 251,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32206 encode the bore: code 06 = 30 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 62 mm outside diameter and 21.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.181 × 2.441 × 0.837 in, with a 16.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 30 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 30 mm bore the small 32206 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 30 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 322 medium series at 30 mm bore (62×21.25 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30206 on the same OD; the wider 21.25 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "The 21.25 mm-wide 32206 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 30 mm bore and 62 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 16.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32206 to a 30 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 62 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Keep the 32206 pair matched through rebuilds; the 21.25 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 30 mm shaft alignment.",
      "A single 32206 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 322-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32206 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32206 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32206 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 30 mm bore, 62 mm outer diameter and 21.25 mm total assembly width (1.181 × 2.441 × 0.837 in), a 16.0 mm radial section and roughly 251 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32206 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32206 are bore code 06, giving 06 × 5 = 30 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 62 mm OD and 21.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32206?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32206 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32206 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 30 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 30 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32206 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32206 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32206",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32207",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 35,
    "D_mm": 72,
    "B_mm": 24.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 385,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32207 encode the bore: code 07 = 35 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 72 mm outside diameter and 24.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.378 × 2.835 × 0.955 in, with a 18.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 35 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 35 mm bore the small 32207 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 35 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 322 medium series at 35 mm bore (72×24.25 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30207 on the same OD; the wider 24.25 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32207, machine the 35 mm shaft seat and 72 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 24.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 18.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32207 cup drives into the 72 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 24.25 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32207 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 35 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 24.25 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32207 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 35 mm-bore 32207 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32207 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32207 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 35 mm bore, 72 mm outer diameter and 24.25 mm total assembly width (1.378 × 2.835 × 0.955 in), a 18.5 mm radial section and roughly 385 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32207 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32207 are bore code 07, giving 07 × 5 = 35 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 72 mm OD and 24.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32207?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32207 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32207 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 35 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 35 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32207 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32207 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32207",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32208",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 40,
    "D_mm": 80,
    "B_mm": 24.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 476,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32208 encode the bore: code 08 = 40 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 80 mm outside diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.575 × 3.15 × 0.974 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 40 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 40 mm-bore 32208, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 40 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 40 mm bore (80×24.75 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30208 on the same OD; the wider 24.75 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32208: a generous fillet on the 40 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 24.75 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 20.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 80 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32208 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 40 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 24.75 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Inspect the removed 32208 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 80 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 40 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 40 mm-bore 32208 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32208 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32208 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 40 mm bore, 80 mm outer diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width (1.575 × 3.15 × 0.974 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 476 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32208 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32208 are bore code 08, giving 08 × 5 = 40 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 80 mm OD and 24.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32208?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32208 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32208 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 40 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 40 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32208 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32208 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32208",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32209",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 45,
    "D_mm": 85,
    "B_mm": 24.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 516,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32209 encode the bore: code 09 = 45 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 85 mm outside diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.772 × 3.346 × 0.974 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 45 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 45 mm-bore 32209, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 45 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 45 mm bore (85×24.75 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30209 on the same OD; the wider 24.75 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "The 24.75 mm-wide 32209 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 45 mm bore and 85 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 20.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32209 to a 45 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 85 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Keep the 32209 pair matched through rebuilds; the 24.75 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 45 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 45 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 24.75 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32209 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32209 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 45 mm bore, 85 mm outer diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width (1.772 × 3.346 × 0.974 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 516 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32209 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32209 are bore code 09, giving 09 × 5 = 45 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 85 mm OD and 24.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32209?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32209 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32209 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 45 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 45 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32209 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32209 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32209",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32210",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 50,
    "D_mm": 90,
    "B_mm": 24.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 555,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32210 encode the bore: code 10 = 50 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 90 mm outside diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.969 × 3.543 × 0.974 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 50 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 50 mm-bore 32210, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 50 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 50 mm bore (90×24.75 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30210 on the same OD; the wider 24.75 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32210, machine the 50 mm shaft seat and 90 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 24.75 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 20.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32210 cup drives into the 90 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 24.75 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32210 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 50 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 24.75 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 50 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 24.75 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 32210 cone onto the 50 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 90 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32210 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32210 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 50 mm bore, 90 mm outer diameter and 24.75 mm total assembly width (1.969 × 3.543 × 0.974 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 555 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32210 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32210 are bore code 10, giving 10 × 5 = 50 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 90 mm OD and 24.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32210?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32210 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32210 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 50 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 50 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32210 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32210 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32210",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32211",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 55,
    "D_mm": 100,
    "B_mm": 26.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 748,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32211 encode the bore: code 11 = 55 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 100 mm outside diameter and 26.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.165 × 3.937 × 1.053 in, with a 22.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 55 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 55 mm-bore 32211, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 55 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 55 mm bore (100×26.75 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30211 on the same OD; the wider 26.75 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32211: a generous fillet on the 55 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 26.75 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 22.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 100 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32211 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 55 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 26.75 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Inspect the removed 32211 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 100 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 55 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Press the 32211 cone onto the 55 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 100 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32211 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32211 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 55 mm bore, 100 mm outer diameter and 26.75 mm total assembly width (2.165 × 3.937 × 1.053 in), a 22.5 mm radial section and roughly 748 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32211 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32211 are bore code 11, giving 11 × 5 = 55 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 100 mm OD and 26.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32211?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32211 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32211 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 55 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 55 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32211 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32211 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32211",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32212",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 60,
    "D_mm": 110,
    "B_mm": 29.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1013,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32212 encode the bore: code 12 = 60 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 110 mm outside diameter and 29.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.362 × 4.331 × 1.171 in, with a 25.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 60 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 60 mm-bore 32212, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 60 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 60 mm bore (110×29.75 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30212 on the same OD; the wider 29.75 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "The 29.75 mm-wide 32212 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 60 mm bore and 110 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 25.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32212 to a 60 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 110 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Keep the 32212 pair matched through rebuilds; the 29.75 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 60 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Do not swap a 32200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32212 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32212 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 60 mm bore, 110 mm outer diameter and 29.75 mm total assembly width (2.362 × 4.331 × 1.171 in), a 25.0 mm radial section and roughly 1013 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32212 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32212 are bore code 12, giving 12 × 5 = 60 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 110 mm OD and 29.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32212?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32212 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32212 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 60 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 60 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32212 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32212 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32212",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32213",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 65,
    "D_mm": 120,
    "B_mm": 32.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1335,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32213 encode the bore: code 13 = 65 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 120 mm outside diameter and 32.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.559 × 4.724 × 1.289 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 65 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 65 mm-bore 32213, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 65 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 65 mm bore (120×32.75 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30213 on the same OD; the wider 32.75 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32213, machine the 65 mm shaft seat and 120 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 32.75 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 27.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32213 cup drives into the 120 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 32.75 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32213 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 65 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 32.75 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32213 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 322-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32213 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32213 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 65 mm bore, 120 mm outer diameter and 32.75 mm total assembly width (2.559 × 4.724 × 1.289 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1335 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32213 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32213 are bore code 13, giving 13 × 5 = 65 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 120 mm OD and 32.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32213?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32213 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32213 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 65 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 65 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32213 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32213 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32213",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32214",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 70,
    "D_mm": 125,
    "B_mm": 33.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1429,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32214 encode the bore: code 14 = 70 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 125 mm outside diameter and 33.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.756 × 4.921 × 1.309 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 70 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 70 mm-bore 32214, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 70 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 70 mm bore (125×33.25 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30214 on the same OD; the wider 33.25 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32214: a generous fillet on the 70 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 33.25 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 27.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 125 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32214 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 70 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 33.25 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Inspect the removed 32214 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 125 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 70 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "A single 32214 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 322-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32214 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32214 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32214 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 70 mm bore, 125 mm outer diameter and 33.25 mm total assembly width (2.756 × 4.921 × 1.309 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1429 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32214 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32214 are bore code 14, giving 14 × 5 = 70 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 125 mm OD and 33.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32214?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32214 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32214 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 70 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 70 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32214 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32214 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32214",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32215",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 75,
    "D_mm": 130,
    "B_mm": 33.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1502,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32215 encode the bore: code 15 = 75 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 130 mm outside diameter and 33.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.953 × 5.118 × 1.309 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 75 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 75 mm-bore 32215, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 75 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 322 medium series at 75 mm bore (130×33.25 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30215 on the same OD; the wider 33.25 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "The 33.25 mm-wide 32215 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 75 mm bore and 130 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 27.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32215 to a 75 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 130 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Keep the 32215 pair matched through rebuilds; the 33.25 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 75 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32215 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 75 mm-bore 32215 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32215 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32215 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 75 mm bore, 130 mm outer diameter and 33.25 mm total assembly width (2.953 × 5.118 × 1.309 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1502 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32215 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32215 are bore code 15, giving 15 × 5 = 75 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 130 mm OD and 33.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32215?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32215 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32215 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 75 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 75 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32215 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32215 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32215",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32216",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 80,
    "D_mm": 140,
    "B_mm": 35.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1865,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32216 encode the bore: code 16 = 80 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 140 mm outside diameter and 35.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.15 × 5.512 × 1.388 in, with a 30.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 80 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 80 mm-bore 32216 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 80 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 80 mm bore (140×35.25 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30216 on the same OD; the wider 35.25 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32216, machine the 80 mm shaft seat and 140 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 35.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 30.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32216 cup drives into the 140 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 35.25 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32216 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 80 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 35.25 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 80 mm-bore 32216 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32216 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32216 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 80 mm bore, 140 mm outer diameter and 35.25 mm total assembly width (3.15 × 5.512 × 1.388 in), a 30.0 mm radial section and roughly 1865 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32216 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32216 are bore code 16, giving 16 × 5 = 80 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 140 mm OD and 35.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32216?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32216 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32216 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 80 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 80 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32216 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32216 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32216",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32217",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 85,
    "D_mm": 150,
    "B_mm": 38.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2357,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32217 encode the bore: code 17 = 85 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 150 mm outside diameter and 38.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.346 × 5.906 × 1.516 in, with a 32.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 85 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 85 mm-bore 32217 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 85 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 85 mm bore (150×38.5 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30217 on the same OD; the wider 38.5 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32217: a generous fillet on the 85 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 38.5 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 32.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 150 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32217 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 85 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 38.5 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Inspect the removed 32217 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 150 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 85 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 85 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 38.5 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32217 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32217 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 85 mm bore, 150 mm outer diameter and 38.5 mm total assembly width (3.346 × 5.906 × 1.516 in), a 32.5 mm radial section and roughly 2357 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32217 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32217 are bore code 17, giving 17 × 5 = 85 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 150 mm OD and 38.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32217?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32217 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32217 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 85 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 85 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32217 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32217 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32217",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32218",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 90,
    "D_mm": 160,
    "B_mm": 42.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2981,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32218 encode the bore: code 18 = 90 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 160 mm outside diameter and 42.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.543 × 6.299 × 1.673 in, with a 35.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 90 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 90 mm-bore 32218 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 90 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 90 mm bore (160×42.5 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30218 on the same OD; the wider 42.5 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "The 42.5 mm-wide 32218 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 90 mm bore and 160 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 35.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32218 to a 90 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 160 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Keep the 32218 pair matched through rebuilds; the 42.5 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 90 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 90 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 42.5 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 32218 cone onto the 90 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 160 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32218 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32218 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 90 mm bore, 160 mm outer diameter and 42.5 mm total assembly width (3.543 × 6.299 × 1.673 in), a 35.0 mm radial section and roughly 2981 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32218 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32218 are bore code 18, giving 18 × 5 = 90 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 160 mm OD and 42.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32218?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32218 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32218 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 90 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 90 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32218 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32218 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32218",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32219",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 95,
    "D_mm": 170,
    "B_mm": 45.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 3624,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32219 encode the bore: code 19 = 95 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 170 mm outside diameter and 45.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.74 × 6.693 × 1.791 in, with a 37.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 95 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 95 mm-bore 32219 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 95 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 95 mm bore (170×45.5 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30219 on the same OD; the wider 45.5 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32219, machine the 95 mm shaft seat and 170 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 45.5 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 37.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32219 cup drives into the 170 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 45.5 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32219 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 95 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 45.5 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Press the 32219 cone onto the 95 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 170 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32219 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32219 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 95 mm bore, 170 mm outer diameter and 45.5 mm total assembly width (3.74 × 6.693 × 1.791 in), a 37.5 mm radial section and roughly 3624 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32219 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32219 are bore code 19, giving 19 × 5 = 95 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 170 mm OD and 45.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32219?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32219 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32219 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 95 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 95 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32219 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32219 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32219",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32220",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 100,
    "D_mm": 180,
    "B_mm": 49,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 4399,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32220 encode the bore: code 20 = 100 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 180 mm outside diameter and 49 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.937 × 7.087 × 1.929 in, with a 40.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 100 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 100 mm-bore 32220 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 100 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 100 mm bore (180×49 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30220 on the same OD; the wider 49 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32220: a generous fillet on the 100 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 49 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 40.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 180 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32220 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 100 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 49 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Inspect the removed 32220 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 180 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 100 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Do not swap a 32200 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32220 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32220 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 100 mm bore, 180 mm outer diameter and 49 mm total assembly width (3.937 × 7.087 × 1.929 in), a 40.0 mm radial section and roughly 4399 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32220 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32220 are bore code 20, giving 20 × 5 = 100 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 180 mm OD and 49 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32220?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32220 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32220 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 100 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 100 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32220 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32220 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32220",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32221",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 105,
    "D_mm": 190,
    "B_mm": 53,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 5326,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32221 encode the bore: code 21 = 105 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 190 mm outside diameter and 53 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.134 × 7.48 × 2.087 in, with a 42.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 105 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 105 mm-bore 32221 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 105 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 105 mm bore (190×53 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30221 on the same OD; the wider 53 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "The 53 mm-wide 32221 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 105 mm bore and 190 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 42.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32221 to a 105 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 190 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Keep the 32221 pair matched through rebuilds; the 53 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 105 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32221 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 322-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32221 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32221 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 105 mm bore, 190 mm outer diameter and 53 mm total assembly width (4.134 × 7.48 × 2.087 in), a 42.5 mm radial section and roughly 5326 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32221 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32221 are bore code 21, giving 21 × 5 = 105 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 190 mm OD and 53 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32221?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32221 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32221 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 105 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 105 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32221 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32221 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32221",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32222",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32200-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 110,
    "D_mm": 200,
    "B_mm": 56,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 6261,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32200-series the last two digits of 32222 encode the bore: code 22 = 110 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 200 mm outside diameter and 56 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.331 × 7.874 × 2.205 in, with a 45.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 110 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 110 mm-bore 32222 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 110 mm shaft.",
      "The 322 medium series at 110 mm bore (200×56 mm) gains roller length and load over the 30222 on the same OD; the wider 56 mm assembly needs a wider housing shoulder and changes the pinion offset in a differential.",
      "Before fitting 32222, machine the 110 mm shaft seat and 200 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 56 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 45.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32222 cup drives into the 200 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 56 mm load zone.",
      "Relubrication for 32222 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 110 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 56 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "A single 32222 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 322-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32222 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32222 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32222 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 110 mm bore, 200 mm outer diameter and 56 mm total assembly width (4.331 × 7.874 × 2.205 in), a 45.0 mm radial section and roughly 6261 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32222 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32222 are bore code 22, giving 22 × 5 = 110 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 200 mm OD and 56 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32222?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32222 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32222 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 110 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 110 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32222 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32222 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32222",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32304",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 20,
    "D_mm": 52,
    "B_mm": 22.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 205,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32304 encode the bore: code 04 = 20 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 52 mm outside diameter and 22.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.787 × 2.047 × 0.876 in, with a 16.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 20 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 20 mm bore the small 32304 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 20 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 20 mm bore (52×22.25 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 16.0 mm section and 22.25 mm width dwarf the 30204, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32304, machine the 20 mm shaft seat and 52 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 22.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 16.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32304 cup drives into the 52 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 22.25 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32304 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 52 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 20 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32304 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 323-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32304 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32304 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 20 mm bore, 52 mm outer diameter and 22.25 mm total assembly width (0.787 × 2.047 × 0.876 in), a 16.0 mm radial section and roughly 205 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32304 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32304 are bore code 04, giving 04 × 5 = 20 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 52 mm OD and 22.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32304?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32304 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32304 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 20 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 20 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32304 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32304 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32304",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32305",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 25,
    "D_mm": 62,
    "B_mm": 25.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 326,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32305 encode the bore: code 05 = 25 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 62 mm outside diameter and 25.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.984 × 2.441 × 0.994 in, with a 18.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 25 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 25 mm bore the small 32305 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 25 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 25 mm bore (62×25.25 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 18.5 mm section and 25.25 mm width dwarf the 30205, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32305: a generous fillet on the 25 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 25.25 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 18.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 62 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32305 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 25 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 25.25 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 32305 pair matched through rebuilds; the 25.25 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 25 mm shaft alignment.",
      "A single 32305 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 323-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32305 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32305 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32305 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 25 mm bore, 62 mm outer diameter and 25.25 mm total assembly width (0.984 × 2.441 × 0.994 in), a 18.5 mm radial section and roughly 326 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32305 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32305 are bore code 05, giving 05 × 5 = 25 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 62 mm OD and 25.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32305?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32305 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32305 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 25 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 25 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32305 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32305 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32305",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32306",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 30,
    "D_mm": 72,
    "B_mm": 28.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 494,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32306 encode the bore: code 06 = 30 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 72 mm outside diameter and 28.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.181 × 2.835 × 1.132 in, with a 21.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 30 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 30 mm bore the small 32306 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 30 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 30 mm bore (72×28.75 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 21.0 mm section and 28.75 mm width dwarf the 30206, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "The 28.75 mm-wide 32306 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 30 mm bore and 72 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 21.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32306 to a 30 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 72 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 32306 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 30 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 28.75 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32306 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 30 mm-bore 32306 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32306 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32306 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 30 mm bore, 72 mm outer diameter and 28.75 mm total assembly width (1.181 × 2.835 × 1.132 in), a 21.0 mm radial section and roughly 494 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32306 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32306 are bore code 06, giving 06 × 5 = 30 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 72 mm OD and 28.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32306?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32306 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32306 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 30 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 30 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32306 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32306 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32306",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32307",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 35,
    "D_mm": 80,
    "B_mm": 32.75,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 679,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32307 encode the bore: code 07 = 35 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 80 mm outside diameter and 32.75 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.378 × 3.15 × 1.289 in, with a 22.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 35 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 35 mm bore the small 32307 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 35 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 35 mm bore (80×32.75 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 22.5 mm section and 32.75 mm width dwarf the 30207, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32307, machine the 35 mm shaft seat and 80 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 32.75 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 22.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32307 cup drives into the 80 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 32.75 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32307 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 80 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 35 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 35 mm-bore 32307 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32307 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32307 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 35 mm bore, 80 mm outer diameter and 32.75 mm total assembly width (1.378 × 3.15 × 1.289 in), a 22.5 mm radial section and roughly 679 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32307 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32307 are bore code 07, giving 07 × 5 = 35 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 80 mm OD and 32.75 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32307?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32307 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32307 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 35 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 35 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32307 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32307 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32307",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32308",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 40,
    "D_mm": 90,
    "B_mm": 35.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 918,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32308 encode the bore: code 08 = 40 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 90 mm outside diameter and 35.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.575 × 3.543 × 1.388 in, with a 25.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 40 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 40 mm-bore 32308, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 40 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 40 mm bore (90×35.25 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 25.0 mm section and 35.25 mm width dwarf the 30208, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32308: a generous fillet on the 40 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 35.25 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 25.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 90 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32308 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 40 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 35.25 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 32308 pair matched through rebuilds; the 35.25 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 40 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 40 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 35.25 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32308 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32308 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 40 mm bore, 90 mm outer diameter and 35.25 mm total assembly width (1.575 × 3.543 × 1.388 in), a 25.0 mm radial section and roughly 918 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32308 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32308 are bore code 08, giving 08 × 5 = 40 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 90 mm OD and 35.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32308?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32308 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32308 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 40 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 40 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32308 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32308 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32308",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32309",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 45,
    "D_mm": 100,
    "B_mm": 38.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1222,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32309 encode the bore: code 09 = 45 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 100 mm outside diameter and 38.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.772 × 3.937 × 1.506 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 45 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 45 mm-bore 32309, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 45 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 45 mm bore (100×38.25 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 27.5 mm section and 38.25 mm width dwarf the 30209, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "The 38.25 mm-wide 32309 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 45 mm bore and 100 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 27.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32309 to a 45 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 100 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 32309 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 45 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 38.25 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 45 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 38.25 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 32309 cone onto the 45 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 100 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32309 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32309 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 45 mm bore, 100 mm outer diameter and 38.25 mm total assembly width (1.772 × 3.937 × 1.506 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 1222 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32309 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32309 are bore code 09, giving 09 × 5 = 45 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 100 mm OD and 38.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32309?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32309 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32309 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 45 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 45 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32309 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32309 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32309",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32310",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 50,
    "D_mm": 110,
    "B_mm": 42.25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1625,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32310 encode the bore: code 10 = 50 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 110 mm outside diameter and 42.25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.969 × 4.331 × 1.663 in, with a 30.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 50 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 50 mm-bore 32310, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 50 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 50 mm bore (110×42.25 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 30.0 mm section and 42.25 mm width dwarf the 30210, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32310, machine the 50 mm shaft seat and 110 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 42.25 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 30.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32310 cup drives into the 110 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 42.25 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32310 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 110 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 50 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Press the 32310 cone onto the 50 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 110 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32300 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32310 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32310 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 50 mm bore, 110 mm outer diameter and 42.25 mm total assembly width (1.969 × 4.331 × 1.663 in), a 30.0 mm radial section and roughly 1625 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32310 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32310 are bore code 10, giving 10 × 5 = 50 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 110 mm OD and 42.25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32310?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32310 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32310 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 50 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 50 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32310 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32310 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32310",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32311",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 55,
    "D_mm": 120,
    "B_mm": 45.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2074,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32311 encode the bore: code 11 = 55 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 120 mm outside diameter and 45.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.165 × 4.724 × 1.791 in, with a 32.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 55 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 55 mm-bore 32311, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 55 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 55 mm bore (120×45.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 32.5 mm section and 45.5 mm width dwarf the 30211, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32311: a generous fillet on the 55 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 45.5 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 32.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 120 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32311 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 55 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 45.5 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 32311 pair matched through rebuilds; the 45.5 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 55 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Do not swap a 32300 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32311 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32311 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 55 mm bore, 120 mm outer diameter and 45.5 mm total assembly width (2.165 × 4.724 × 1.791 in), a 32.5 mm radial section and roughly 2074 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32311 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32311 are bore code 11, giving 11 × 5 = 55 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 120 mm OD and 45.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32311?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32311 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32311 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 55 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 55 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32311 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32311 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32311",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32312",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 60,
    "D_mm": 130,
    "B_mm": 48.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2585,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32312 encode the bore: code 12 = 60 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 130 mm outside diameter and 48.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.362 × 5.118 × 1.909 in, with a 35.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 60 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 60 mm-bore 32312, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 60 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 60 mm bore (130×48.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 35.0 mm section and 48.5 mm width dwarf the 30212, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "The 48.5 mm-wide 32312 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 60 mm bore and 130 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 35.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32312 to a 60 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 130 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 32312 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 60 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 48.5 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32312 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 323-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32312 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32312 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 60 mm bore, 130 mm outer diameter and 48.5 mm total assembly width (2.362 × 5.118 × 1.909 in), a 35.0 mm radial section and roughly 2585 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32312 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32312 are bore code 12, giving 12 × 5 = 60 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 130 mm OD and 48.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32312?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32312 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32312 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 60 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 60 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32312 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32312 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32312",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32313",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 65,
    "D_mm": 140,
    "B_mm": 51,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 3142,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32313 encode the bore: code 13 = 65 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 140 mm outside diameter and 51 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.559 × 5.512 × 2.008 in, with a 37.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 65 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 65 mm-bore 32313, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 65 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 65 mm bore (140×51 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 37.5 mm section and 51 mm width dwarf the 30213, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32313, machine the 65 mm shaft seat and 140 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 51 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 37.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32313 cup drives into the 140 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 51 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32313 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 140 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 65 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "A single 32313 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 323-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32313 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32313 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32313 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 65 mm bore, 140 mm outer diameter and 51 mm total assembly width (2.559 × 5.512 × 2.008 in), a 37.5 mm radial section and roughly 3142 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32313 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32313 are bore code 13, giving 13 × 5 = 65 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 140 mm OD and 51 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32313?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32313 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32313 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 65 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 65 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32313 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32313 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32313",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32314",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 70,
    "D_mm": 150,
    "B_mm": 54,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 3809,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32314 encode the bore: code 14 = 70 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 150 mm outside diameter and 54 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.756 × 5.906 × 2.126 in, with a 40.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 70 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 70 mm-bore 32314, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 70 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 70 mm bore (150×54 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 40.0 mm section and 54 mm width dwarf the 30214, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32314: a generous fillet on the 70 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 54 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 40.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 150 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32314 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 70 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 54 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 32314 pair matched through rebuilds; the 54 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 70 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32314 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 70 mm-bore 32314 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32314 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32314 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 70 mm bore, 150 mm outer diameter and 54 mm total assembly width (2.756 × 5.906 × 2.126 in), a 40.0 mm radial section and roughly 3809 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32314 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32314 are bore code 14, giving 14 × 5 = 70 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 150 mm OD and 54 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32314?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32314 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32314 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 70 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 70 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32314 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32314 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32314",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32315",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 75,
    "D_mm": 160,
    "B_mm": 58,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 4643,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32315 encode the bore: code 15 = 75 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 160 mm outside diameter and 58 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.953 × 6.299 × 2.283 in, with a 42.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 75 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 75 mm-bore 32315, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 75 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 75 mm bore (160×58 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 42.5 mm section and 58 mm width dwarf the 30215, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "The 58 mm-wide 32315 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 75 mm bore and 160 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 42.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32315 to a 75 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 160 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 32315 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 75 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 58 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 75 mm-bore 32315 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32315 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32315 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 75 mm bore, 160 mm outer diameter and 58 mm total assembly width (2.953 × 6.299 × 2.283 in), a 42.5 mm radial section and roughly 4643 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32315 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32315 are bore code 15, giving 15 × 5 = 75 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 160 mm OD and 58 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32315?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32315 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32315 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 75 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 75 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32315 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32315 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32315",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32316",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 80,
    "D_mm": 170,
    "B_mm": 61.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 5545,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32316 encode the bore: code 16 = 80 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 170 mm outside diameter and 61.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.15 × 6.693 × 2.421 in, with a 45.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 80 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 80 mm-bore 32316 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 80 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 80 mm bore (170×61.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 45.0 mm section and 61.5 mm width dwarf the 30216, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32316, machine the 80 mm shaft seat and 170 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 61.5 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 45.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32316 cup drives into the 170 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 61.5 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32316 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 170 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 80 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 80 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 61.5 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32316 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32316 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 80 mm bore, 170 mm outer diameter and 61.5 mm total assembly width (3.15 × 6.693 × 2.421 in), a 45.0 mm radial section and roughly 5545 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32316 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32316 are bore code 16, giving 16 × 5 = 80 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 170 mm OD and 61.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32316?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32316 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32316 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 80 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 80 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32316 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32316 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32316",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32317",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 85,
    "D_mm": 180,
    "B_mm": 63.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 6406,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32317 encode the bore: code 17 = 85 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 180 mm outside diameter and 63.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.346 × 7.087 × 2.5 in, with a 47.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 85 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 85 mm-bore 32317 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 85 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 85 mm bore (180×63.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 47.5 mm section and 63.5 mm width dwarf the 30217, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32317: a generous fillet on the 85 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 63.5 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 47.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 180 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32317 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 85 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 63.5 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 32317 pair matched through rebuilds; the 63.5 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 85 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 85 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 63.5 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 32317 cone onto the 85 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 180 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32317 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32317 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 85 mm bore, 180 mm outer diameter and 63.5 mm total assembly width (3.346 × 7.087 × 2.5 in), a 47.5 mm radial section and roughly 6406 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32317 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32317 are bore code 17, giving 17 × 5 = 85 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 180 mm OD and 63.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32317?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32317 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32317 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 85 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 85 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32317 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32317 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32317",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32318",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 90,
    "D_mm": 190,
    "B_mm": 67.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 7574,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32318 encode the bore: code 18 = 90 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 190 mm outside diameter and 67.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.543 × 7.48 × 2.657 in, with a 50.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 90 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 90 mm-bore 32318 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 90 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 90 mm bore (190×67.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 50.0 mm section and 67.5 mm width dwarf the 30218, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "The 67.5 mm-wide 32318 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 90 mm bore and 190 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 50.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32318 to a 90 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 190 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 32318 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 90 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 67.5 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Press the 32318 cone onto the 90 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 190 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32300 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32318 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32318 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 90 mm bore, 190 mm outer diameter and 67.5 mm total assembly width (3.543 × 7.48 × 2.657 in), a 50.0 mm radial section and roughly 7574 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32318 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32318 are bore code 18, giving 18 × 5 = 90 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 190 mm OD and 67.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32318?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32318 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32318 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 90 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 90 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32318 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32318 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32318",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32319",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 95,
    "D_mm": 200,
    "B_mm": 71.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 8875,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32319 encode the bore: code 19 = 95 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 200 mm outside diameter and 71.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.74 × 7.874 × 2.815 in, with a 52.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 95 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 95 mm-bore 32319 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 95 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 95 mm bore (200×71.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 52.5 mm section and 71.5 mm width dwarf the 30219, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32319, machine the 95 mm shaft seat and 200 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 71.5 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 52.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32319 cup drives into the 200 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 71.5 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32319 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 200 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 95 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Do not swap a 32300 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32319 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32319 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 95 mm bore, 200 mm outer diameter and 71.5 mm total assembly width (3.74 × 7.874 × 2.815 in), a 52.5 mm radial section and roughly 8875 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32319 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32319 are bore code 19, giving 19 × 5 = 95 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 200 mm OD and 71.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32319?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32319 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32319 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 95 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 95 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32319 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32319 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32319",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32320",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 100,
    "D_mm": 215,
    "B_mm": 77.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 11251,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32320 encode the bore: code 20 = 100 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 215 mm outside diameter and 77.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.937 × 8.465 × 3.051 in, with a 57.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 100 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 100 mm-bore 32320 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 100 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 100 mm bore (215×77.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 57.5 mm section and 77.5 mm width dwarf the 30220, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32320: a generous fillet on the 100 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 77.5 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 57.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 215 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32320 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 100 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 77.5 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Keep the 32320 pair matched through rebuilds; the 77.5 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 100 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32320 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 323-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32320 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32320 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 100 mm bore, 215 mm outer diameter and 77.5 mm total assembly width (3.937 × 8.465 × 3.051 in), a 57.5 mm radial section and roughly 11251 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32320 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32320 are bore code 20, giving 20 × 5 = 100 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 215 mm OD and 77.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32320?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32320 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32320 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 100 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 100 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32320 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32320 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32320",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32321",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 105,
    "D_mm": 225,
    "B_mm": 81.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 12934,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32321 encode the bore: code 21 = 105 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 225 mm outside diameter and 81.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.134 × 8.858 × 3.209 in, with a 60.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 105 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 105 mm-bore 32321 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 105 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 105 mm bore (225×81.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 60.0 mm section and 81.5 mm width dwarf the 30221, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "The 81.5 mm-wide 32321 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 105 mm bore and 225 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 60.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32321 to a 105 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 225 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Relubrication for 32321 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 105 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 81.5 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "A single 32321 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 323-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32321 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32321 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32321 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 105 mm bore, 225 mm outer diameter and 81.5 mm total assembly width (4.134 × 8.858 × 3.209 in), a 60.0 mm radial section and roughly 12934 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32321 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32321 are bore code 21, giving 21 × 5 = 105 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 225 mm OD and 81.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32321?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32321 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32321 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 105 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 105 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32321 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32321 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32321",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32322",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32300-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 110,
    "D_mm": 240,
    "B_mm": 84.5,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 15408,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32300-series the last two digits of 32322 encode the bore: code 22 = 110 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 240 mm outside diameter and 84.5 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.331 × 9.449 × 3.327 in, with a 65.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 110 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 110 mm-bore 32322 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 110 mm shaft.",
      "The 323 heavy wide series at 110 mm bore (240×84.5 mm) is a steep-angle, high-thrust row for heavy final drives; its 65.0 mm section and 84.5 mm width dwarf the 30222, and its speed ceiling is the lowest of the four series.",
      "Before fitting 32322, machine the 110 mm shaft seat and 240 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 84.5 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 65.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32322 cup drives into the 240 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 84.5 mm load zone.",
      "Inspect the removed 32322 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 240 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 110 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32322 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 110 mm-bore 32322 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32322 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32322 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 110 mm bore, 240 mm outer diameter and 84.5 mm total assembly width (4.331 × 9.449 × 3.327 in), a 65.0 mm radial section and roughly 15408 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32322 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32322 are bore code 22, giving 22 × 5 = 110 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 240 mm OD and 84.5 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32322?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32322 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32322 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 110 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 110 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32322 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32322 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32322",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32004",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 20,
    "D_mm": 42,
    "B_mm": 15,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 82,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32004 encode the bore: code 04 = 20 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 42 mm outside diameter and 15 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.787 × 1.654 × 0.591 in, with a 11.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 20 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 20 mm bore the small 32004 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 20 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 20 mm bore keeps the OD down to 42 mm for space-limited hubs; its 15 mm width carries less load than a 30204, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32004, machine the 20 mm shaft seat and 42 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 15 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 11.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32004 cup drives into the 42 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 15 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32004 pair matched through rebuilds; the 15 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 20 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Press the 32004 cone onto the 20 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 42 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32004 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32004 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 20 mm bore, 42 mm outer diameter and 15 mm total assembly width (0.787 × 1.654 × 0.591 in), a 11.0 mm radial section and roughly 82 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32004 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32004 are bore code 04, giving 04 × 5 = 20 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 42 mm OD and 15 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32004?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32004 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32004 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 20 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 20 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32004 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32004 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32004",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32005",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 25,
    "D_mm": 47,
    "B_mm": 15,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 95,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32005 encode the bore: code 05 = 25 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 47 mm outside diameter and 15 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 0.984 × 1.85 × 0.591 in, with a 11.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 25 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "small trailer axles",
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 25 mm bore the small 32005 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 25 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 25 mm bore keeps the OD down to 47 mm for space-limited hubs; its 15 mm width carries less load than a 30205, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32005: a generous fillet on the 25 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 15 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 11.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 47 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32005 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 25 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 15 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32005 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 25 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 15 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32005 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32005 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 25 mm bore, 47 mm outer diameter and 15 mm total assembly width (0.984 × 1.85 × 0.591 in), a 11.0 mm radial section and roughly 95 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32005 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32005 are bore code 05, giving 05 × 5 = 25 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 47 mm OD and 15 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32005?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32005 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32005 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 25 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 25 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32005 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32005 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32005",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32006",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 30,
    "D_mm": 55,
    "B_mm": 17,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 145,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32006 encode the bore: code 06 = 30 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 55 mm outside diameter and 17 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.181 × 2.165 × 0.669 in, with a 12.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 30 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light differential pinions",
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 30 mm bore the small 32006 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 30 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 30 mm bore keeps the OD down to 55 mm for space-limited hubs; its 17 mm width carries less load than a 30206, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 17 mm-wide 32006 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 30 mm bore and 55 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 12.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32006 to a 30 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 55 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32006 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 55 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 30 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32006 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 320-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32006 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32006 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 30 mm bore, 55 mm outer diameter and 17 mm total assembly width (1.181 × 2.165 × 0.669 in), a 12.5 mm radial section and roughly 145 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32006 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32006 are bore code 06, giving 06 × 5 = 30 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 55 mm OD and 17 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32006?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32006 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32006 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 30 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 30 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32006 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32006 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32006",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32007",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 35,
    "D_mm": 62,
    "B_mm": 18,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 189,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32007 encode the bore: code 07 = 35 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 62 mm outside diameter and 18 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.378 × 2.441 × 0.709 in, with a 13.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 35 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "steering knuckles",
      "small gearbox shafts",
      "agricultural implement wheels",
      "passenger-car wheel hubs",
      "small trailer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "At 35 mm bore the small 32007 is commonly factory-adjusted in a hub unit; an after-market fit-up must reproduce the specified end play (a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm at the 35 mm shaft) or the wheel runs hot within the first hundred kilometres.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 35 mm bore keeps the OD down to 62 mm for space-limited hubs; its 18 mm width carries less load than a 30207, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32007, machine the 35 mm shaft seat and 62 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 18 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 13.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32007 cup drives into the 62 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 18 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32007 pair matched through rebuilds; the 18 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 35 mm shaft alignment.",
      "A single 32007 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 320-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32007 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32007 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32007 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 35 mm bore, 62 mm outer diameter and 18 mm total assembly width (1.378 × 2.441 × 0.709 in), a 13.5 mm radial section and roughly 189 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32007 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32007 are bore code 07, giving 07 × 5 = 35 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 62 mm OD and 18 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32007?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32007 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32007 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 35 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.02–0.10 mm for a 35 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32007 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32007 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32007",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32008",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 40,
    "D_mm": 68,
    "B_mm": 19,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 230,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32008 encode the bore: code 08 = 40 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 68 mm outside diameter and 19 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.575 × 2.677 × 0.748 in, with a 14.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 40 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 40 mm-bore 32008, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 40 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 40 mm bore keeps the OD down to 68 mm for space-limited hubs; its 19 mm width carries less load than a 30208, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32008: a generous fillet on the 40 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 19 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 14.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 68 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32008 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 40 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 19 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32008 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 40 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 19 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32008 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 40 mm-bore 32008 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32008 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32008 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 40 mm bore, 68 mm outer diameter and 19 mm total assembly width (1.575 × 2.677 × 0.748 in), a 14.0 mm radial section and roughly 230 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32008 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32008 are bore code 08, giving 08 × 5 = 40 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 68 mm OD and 19 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32008?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32008 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32008 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 40 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 40 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32008 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32008 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32008",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32009",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 45,
    "D_mm": 75,
    "B_mm": 20,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 289,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32009 encode the bore: code 09 = 45 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 75 mm outside diameter and 20 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.772 × 2.953 × 0.787 in, with a 15.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 45 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 45 mm-bore 32009, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 45 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 45 mm bore keeps the OD down to 75 mm for space-limited hubs; its 20 mm width carries less load than a 30209, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 20 mm-wide 32009 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 45 mm bore and 75 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 15.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32009 to a 45 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 75 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32009 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 75 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 45 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 45 mm-bore 32009 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32009 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32009 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 45 mm bore, 75 mm outer diameter and 20 mm total assembly width (1.772 × 2.953 × 0.787 in), a 15.0 mm radial section and roughly 289 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32009 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32009 are bore code 09, giving 09 × 5 = 45 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 75 mm OD and 20 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32009?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32009 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32009 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 45 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 45 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32009 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32009 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32009",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32010",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 50,
    "D_mm": 80,
    "B_mm": 20,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 313,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32010 encode the bore: code 10 = 50 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 80 mm outside diameter and 20 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 1.969 × 3.15 × 0.787 in, with a 15.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 50 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 50 mm-bore 32010, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 50 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 50 mm bore keeps the OD down to 80 mm for space-limited hubs; its 20 mm width carries less load than a 30210, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32010, machine the 50 mm shaft seat and 80 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 20 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 15.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32010 cup drives into the 80 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 20 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32010 pair matched through rebuilds; the 20 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 50 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 50 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 20 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32010 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32010 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 50 mm bore, 80 mm outer diameter and 20 mm total assembly width (1.969 × 3.15 × 0.787 in), a 15.0 mm radial section and roughly 313 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32010 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32010 are bore code 10, giving 10 × 5 = 50 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 80 mm OD and 20 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32010?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32010 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32010 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 50 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 50 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32010 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32010 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32010",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32011",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 55,
    "D_mm": 90,
    "B_mm": 23,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 468,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32011 encode the bore: code 11 = 55 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 90 mm outside diameter and 23 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.165 × 3.543 × 0.906 in, with a 17.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 55 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 55 mm-bore 32011, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 55 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 55 mm bore keeps the OD down to 90 mm for space-limited hubs; its 23 mm width carries less load than a 30211, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32011: a generous fillet on the 55 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 23 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 17.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 90 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32011 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 55 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 23 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32011 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 55 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 23 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 55 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 23 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 32011 cone onto the 55 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 90 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32011 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32011 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 55 mm bore, 90 mm outer diameter and 23 mm total assembly width (2.165 × 3.543 × 0.906 in), a 17.5 mm radial section and roughly 468 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32011 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32011 are bore code 11, giving 11 × 5 = 55 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 90 mm OD and 23 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32011?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32011 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32011 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 55 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 55 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32011 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32011 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32011",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32012",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 60,
    "D_mm": 95,
    "B_mm": 23,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 500,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32012 encode the bore: code 12 = 60 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 95 mm outside diameter and 23 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.362 × 3.74 × 0.906 in, with a 17.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 60 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 60 mm-bore 32012, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 60 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 60 mm bore keeps the OD down to 95 mm for space-limited hubs; its 23 mm width carries less load than a 30212, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 23 mm-wide 32012 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 60 mm bore and 95 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 17.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32012 to a 60 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 95 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32012 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 95 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 60 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Press the 32012 cone onto the 60 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 95 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32012 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32012 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 60 mm bore, 95 mm outer diameter and 23 mm total assembly width (2.362 × 3.74 × 0.906 in), a 17.5 mm radial section and roughly 500 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32012 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32012 are bore code 12, giving 12 × 5 = 60 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 95 mm OD and 23 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32012?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32012 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32012 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 60 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 60 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32012 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32012 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32012",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32013",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 65,
    "D_mm": 100,
    "B_mm": 23,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 532,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32013 encode the bore: code 13 = 65 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 100 mm outside diameter and 23 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.559 × 3.937 × 0.906 in, with a 17.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 65 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys",
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 65 mm-bore 32013, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 65 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 65 mm bore keeps the OD down to 100 mm for space-limited hubs; its 23 mm width carries less load than a 30213, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32013, machine the 65 mm shaft seat and 100 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 23 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 17.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32013 cup drives into the 100 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 23 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32013 pair matched through rebuilds; the 23 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 65 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32013 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32013 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 65 mm bore, 100 mm outer diameter and 23 mm total assembly width (2.559 × 3.937 × 0.906 in), a 17.5 mm radial section and roughly 532 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32013 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32013 are bore code 13, giving 13 × 5 = 65 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 100 mm OD and 23 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32013?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32013 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32013 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 65 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 65 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32013 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32013 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32013",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32014",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 70,
    "D_mm": 110,
    "B_mm": 25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 721,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32014 encode the bore: code 14 = 70 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 110 mm outside diameter and 25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.756 × 4.331 × 0.984 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 70 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "fork-lift steer axles",
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 70 mm-bore 32014, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 70 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 70 mm bore keeps the OD down to 110 mm for space-limited hubs; its 25 mm width carries less load than a 30214, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32014: a generous fillet on the 70 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 25 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 20.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 110 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32014 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 70 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 25 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32014 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 70 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 25 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32014 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 320-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32014 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32014 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 70 mm bore, 110 mm outer diameter and 25 mm total assembly width (2.756 × 4.331 × 0.984 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 721 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32014 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32014 are bore code 14, giving 14 × 5 = 70 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 110 mm OD and 25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32014?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32014 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32014 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 70 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 70 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32014 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32014 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32014",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32015",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 75,
    "D_mm": 115,
    "B_mm": 25,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 761,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32015 encode the bore: code 15 = 75 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 115 mm outside diameter and 25 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 2.953 × 4.528 × 0.984 in, with a 20.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 75 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "industrial transmission shafts",
      "light-truck and van wheel hubs",
      "final-drive pinion and differential bearings",
      "commercial gearbox input/output shafts",
      "conveyor head and tail pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "On this 75 mm-bore 32015, thermal growth of the shaft closes up the adjusted clearance; set cold end play around 0.03–0.12 mm and recheck after the first hot run — a medium-series cone that was correct cold on the 75 mm seat can seize hot.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 75 mm bore keeps the OD down to 115 mm for space-limited hubs; its 25 mm width carries less load than a 30215, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 25 mm-wide 32015 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 75 mm bore and 115 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 20.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32015 to a 75 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 115 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32015 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 115 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 75 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "A single 32015 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 320-series pair adjusted against each other.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32015 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32015 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32015 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 75 mm bore, 115 mm outer diameter and 25 mm total assembly width (2.953 × 4.528 × 0.984 in), a 20.0 mm radial section and roughly 761 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32015 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32015 are bore code 15, giving 15 × 5 = 75 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 115 mm OD and 25 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32015?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32015 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32015 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 75 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.03–0.12 mm for a 75 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32015 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32015 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32015",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32016",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 80,
    "D_mm": 125,
    "B_mm": 29,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1072,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32016 encode the bore: code 16 = 80 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 125 mm outside diameter and 29 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.15 × 4.921 × 1.142 in, with a 22.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 80 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 80 mm-bore 32016 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 80 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 80 mm bore keeps the OD down to 125 mm for space-limited hubs; its 29 mm width carries less load than a 30216, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32016, machine the 80 mm shaft seat and 125 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 29 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 22.5 mm radial section.",
      "The 32016 cup drives into the 125 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 29 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32016 pair matched through rebuilds; the 29 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 80 mm shaft alignment.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32016 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 80 mm-bore 32016 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32016 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32016 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 80 mm bore, 125 mm outer diameter and 29 mm total assembly width (3.15 × 4.921 × 1.142 in), a 22.5 mm radial section and roughly 1072 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32016 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32016 are bore code 16, giving 16 × 5 = 80 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 125 mm OD and 29 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32016?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32016 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32016 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 80 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 80 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32016 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32016 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32016",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32017",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 85,
    "D_mm": 130,
    "B_mm": 29,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1124,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32017 encode the bore: code 17 = 85 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 130 mm outside diameter and 29 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.346 × 5.118 × 1.142 in, with a 22.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 85 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 85 mm-bore 32017 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 85 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 85 mm bore keeps the OD down to 130 mm for space-limited hubs; its 29 mm width carries less load than a 30217, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32017: a generous fillet on the 85 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 29 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 22.5 mm-section cup presses flush in the 130 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32017 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 85 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 29 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32017 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 85 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 29 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 85 mm-bore 32017 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32017 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32017 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 85 mm bore, 130 mm outer diameter and 29 mm total assembly width (3.346 × 5.118 × 1.142 in), a 22.5 mm radial section and roughly 1124 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32017 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32017 are bore code 17, giving 17 × 5 = 85 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 130 mm OD and 29 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32017?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32017 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32017 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 85 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 85 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32017 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32017 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32017",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32018",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 90,
    "D_mm": 140,
    "B_mm": 32,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1475,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32018 encode the bore: code 18 = 90 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 140 mm outside diameter and 32 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.543 × 5.512 × 1.26 in, with a 25.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 90 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 90 mm-bore 32018 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 90 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 90 mm bore keeps the OD down to 140 mm for space-limited hubs; its 32 mm width carries less load than a 30218, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 32 mm-wide 32018 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 90 mm bore and 140 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 25.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32018 to a 90 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 140 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32018 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 140 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 90 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 90 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 32 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32018 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32018 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 90 mm bore, 140 mm outer diameter and 32 mm total assembly width (3.543 × 5.512 × 1.26 in), a 25.0 mm radial section and roughly 1475 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32018 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32018 are bore code 18, giving 18 × 5 = 90 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 140 mm OD and 32 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32018?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32018 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32018 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 90 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 90 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32018 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32018 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32018",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32019",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 95,
    "D_mm": 145,
    "B_mm": 32,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1539,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32019 encode the bore: code 19 = 95 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 145 mm outside diameter and 32 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.74 × 5.709 × 1.26 in, with a 25.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 95 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 95 mm-bore 32019 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 95 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 95 mm bore keeps the OD down to 145 mm for space-limited hubs; its 32 mm width carries less load than a 30219, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32019, machine the 95 mm shaft seat and 145 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 32 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 25.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32019 cup drives into the 145 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 32 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32019 pair matched through rebuilds; the 32 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 95 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 95 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 32 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity.",
      "Press the 32019 cone onto the 95 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 145 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32019 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32019 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 95 mm bore, 145 mm outer diameter and 32 mm total assembly width (3.74 × 5.709 × 1.26 in), a 25.0 mm radial section and roughly 1539 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32019 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32019 are bore code 19, giving 19 × 5 = 95 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 145 mm OD and 32 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32019?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32019 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32019 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 95 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 95 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32019 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32019 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32019",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32020",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 100,
    "D_mm": 150,
    "B_mm": 32,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 1603,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32020 encode the bore: code 20 = 100 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 150 mm outside diameter and 32 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 3.937 × 5.906 × 1.26 in, with a 25.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 100 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a k5 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 100 mm-bore 32020 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 100 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 100 mm bore keeps the OD down to 150 mm for space-limited hubs; its 32 mm width carries less load than a 30220, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32020: a generous fillet on the 100 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 32 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 25.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 150 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32020 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 100 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 32 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32020 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 100 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 32 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "Press the 32020 cone onto the 100 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 150 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32020 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32020 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 100 mm bore, 150 mm outer diameter and 32 mm total assembly width (3.937 × 5.906 × 1.26 in), a 25.0 mm radial section and roughly 1603 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32020 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32020 are bore code 20, giving 20 × 5 = 100 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 150 mm OD and 32 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32020?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32020 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32020 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 100 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 100 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32020 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32020 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32020",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32021",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 105,
    "D_mm": 160,
    "B_mm": 35,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2044,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32021 encode the bore: code 21 = 105 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 160 mm outside diameter and 35 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.134 × 6.299 × 1.378 in, with a 27.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 105 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 105 mm-bore 32021 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 105 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 105 mm bore keeps the OD down to 160 mm for space-limited hubs; its 35 mm width carries less load than a 30221, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 35 mm-wide 32021 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 105 mm bore and 160 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 27.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32021 to a 105 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 160 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32021 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 160 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 105 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32021 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32021 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 105 mm bore, 160 mm outer diameter and 35 mm total assembly width (4.134 × 6.299 × 1.378 in), a 27.5 mm radial section and roughly 2044 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32021 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32021 are bore code 21, giving 21 × 5 = 105 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 160 mm OD and 35 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32021?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32021 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32021 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 105 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 105 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32021 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32021 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32021",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32022",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 110,
    "D_mm": 170,
    "B_mm": 38,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2558,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32022 encode the bore: code 22 = 110 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 170 mm outside diameter and 38 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.331 × 6.693 × 1.496 in, with a 30.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 110 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 110 mm-bore 32022 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 110 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 110 mm bore keeps the OD down to 170 mm for space-limited hubs; its 38 mm width carries less load than a 30222, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32022, machine the 110 mm shaft seat and 170 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 38 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 30.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32022 cup drives into the 170 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 38 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32022 pair matched through rebuilds; the 38 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 110 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32022 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 320-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32022 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32022 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 110 mm bore, 170 mm outer diameter and 38 mm total assembly width (4.331 × 6.693 × 1.496 in), a 30.0 mm radial section and roughly 2558 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32022 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32022 are bore code 22, giving 22 × 5 = 110 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 170 mm OD and 38 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32022?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32022 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32022 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 110 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 110 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32022 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32022 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32022",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32024",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 120,
    "D_mm": 180,
    "B_mm": 38,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 2741,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32024 encode the bore: code 24 = 120 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 180 mm outside diameter and 38 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 4.724 × 7.087 × 1.496 in, with a 30.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 120 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 120 mm-bore 32024 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 120 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 120 mm bore keeps the OD down to 180 mm for space-limited hubs; its 38 mm width carries less load than a 30224, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 38 mm-wide 32024 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 120 mm bore and 180 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 30.0 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32024 to a 120 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 180 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32024 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 180 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 120 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "The cone and the cup of 32024 are separable: order and fit them as a matched set; never mix a cone from one manufacturer with another brand's cup — roller geometry and contact angle are not identical across brands.",
      "Set running clearance (or preload) with the shim pack or adjusting nut at fit-up; a 120 mm-bore 32024 that is too tight overheats and scores the rib, one too loose develops end play and noise — follow the torque-and-untighten procedure."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32024 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32024 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 120 mm bore, 180 mm outer diameter and 38 mm total assembly width (4.724 × 7.087 × 1.496 in), a 30.0 mm radial section and roughly 2741 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32024 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32024 are bore code 24, giving 24 × 5 = 120 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 180 mm OD and 38 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32024?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32024 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32024 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 120 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 120 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32024 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32024 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32024",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32026",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 130,
    "D_mm": 200,
    "B_mm": 45,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 4166,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32026 encode the bore: code 26 = 130 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 200 mm outside diameter and 45 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 5.118 × 7.874 × 1.772 in, with a 35.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 130 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport",
      "fretting corrosion on a loose shaft seat when the cone is pressed to an interference that relaxes with wear",
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 130 mm-bore 32026 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 130 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 130 mm bore keeps the OD down to 200 mm for space-limited hubs; its 45 mm width carries less load than a 30226, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Check the shoulder geometry for 32026: a generous fillet on the 130 mm shaft looks strong but stops the 45 mm ring seating home; use the catalogue corner-relief radius and provide a withdrawal groove so the 35.0 mm-section cup presses flush in the 200 mm housing.",
      "Never fit 32026 by tightening the adjuster to force the cone up the 130 mm taper — draw the nut to seat the rollers, then back it off; the 45 mm total width is set by the cup-cone stack, and pushing beyond it is the common cause of seized ribs.",
      "Relubrication for 32026 must reach the rib-roller end contact, not just the 130 mm bore; in a hub repack, work EP grease through the roller set until it exudes at both faces of the 45 mm-wide assembly or the sliding rib contact starves first.",
      "The sliding contact between roller large ends and the inner-ring rib needs extreme-pressure lubricant; use an EP gear oil or EP grease (GL-5 class in axles) rather than plain bearing grease or the rib will smear in the first heavy run.",
      "Tapered rollers accept virtually no misalignment; a deflected 130 mm shaft or a tilted housing shoulder concentrates load on one end of the 45 mm-wide roller row — align seats and verify housing perpendicularity."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32026 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32026 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 130 mm bore, 200 mm outer diameter and 45 mm total assembly width (5.118 × 7.874 × 1.772 in), a 35.0 mm radial section and roughly 4166 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32026 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32026 are bore code 26, giving 26 × 5 = 130 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 200 mm OD and 45 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32026?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32026 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32026 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 130 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 130 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32026 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32026 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32026",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32028",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 140,
    "D_mm": 210,
    "B_mm": 45,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 4418,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32028 encode the bore: code 28 = 140 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 210 mm outside diameter and 45 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 5.512 × 8.268 × 1.772 in, with a 35.0 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 140 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs",
      "heavy final drives and differentials",
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "cup creep and housing bore fretting when the outer ring is left without its specified press fit",
      "roller large-end smearing and scoring against the inner-ring guide rib from loss of the EP lubricant film",
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 140 mm-bore 32028 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 140 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 140 mm bore keeps the OD down to 210 mm for space-limited hubs; its 45 mm width carries less load than a 30228, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "Before fitting 32028, machine the 140 mm shaft seat and 210 mm housing bore with a relief or small fillet so nothing bridges the bearing chamfer; the 45 mm-wide cone and cup only load correctly when the full faces abut, and a large radius pinches the 35.0 mm radial section.",
      "The 32028 cup drives into the 210 mm housing bore with a sleeve against its outer face only; pressure on the inner ring or cage transfers through the rollers and leaves indentations that become spalls within the 45 mm load zone.",
      "Keep the 32028 pair matched through rebuilds; the 45 mm running geometry and contact pattern are adjusted between the two cups, so replacing one side with an unmarked row shifts the contact patch off-centre and ruins the 140 mm shaft alignment.",
      "Press the 32028 cone onto the 140 mm shaft with force on the inner ring and the cup into the 210 mm housing on the outer ring; driving through the rollers or transmitting mounting force across the assembly brinells the raceways.",
      "Do not swap a 32000 row for a ball bearing of the same bore: tapered rollers are heavier, slower (sliding rib contact caps the speed) and must be adjusted, but they outperform ball bearings on combined load and shock in gear and hub duty."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32028 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32028 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 140 mm bore, 210 mm outer diameter and 45 mm total assembly width (5.512 × 8.268 × 1.772 in), a 35.0 mm radial section and roughly 4418 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32028 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32028 are bore code 28, giving 28 × 5 = 140 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 210 mm OD and 45 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32028?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32028 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32028 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 140 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 140 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32028 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32028 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32028",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  },
  {
    "sku": "32030",
    "brand": "GENERIC-ISO",
    "series": "32000-series",
    "type": "tapered_roller",
    "d_mm": 150,
    "D_mm": 225,
    "B_mm": 48,
    "seal_type": "open",
    "clearance": "CN",
    "tolerance_class": "P0",
    "cage_type": "steel_stamped_J",
    "weight_g": 5410,
    "weight_estimated": true,
    "standard": "ISO 355",
    "naming_rule_text": "In the 32000-series the last two digits of 32030 encode the bore: code 30 = 150 mm (code × 5 from 04 upward). The ISO 355 envelope is 225 mm outside diameter and 48 mm total assembly width T over the separable cone and cup — 5.906 × 8.858 × 1.89 in, with a 37.5 mm radial section height. Tapered rollers carry combined radial and single-direction axial load; bidirectional thrust needs an opposed pair (X face-to-face or O back-to-back) adjusted at fit-up. With a rotating cone on a 150 mm shaft, typical catalogue practice is a m6 shaft seat with an H7 housing bore, EP lubrication and a defined end-play setting — verify against the load direction and magnitude.",
    "applications": [
      "large conveyor drum pulleys",
      "crane travel wheels and winch drums",
      "railway axle boxes",
      "agricultural tractor axles",
      "truck and trailer wheel hubs"
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
      "raceway spalling at the roller-rib junction after the L10 life or sustained axial overload",
      "over-preload heat: a shim stack cut too thin drives contact stress up and seizes the cone on the seat",
      "under-preload end play that lets the rollers skid, producing noise and false brinelling",
      "water and grit pitting in unsealed hubs where the cup-cone joint acts as a debris entry path",
      "false brinelling from vibration while the axle is stationary during transport"
    ],
    "pitfalls": [
      "The large 150 mm-bore 32030 develops substantial mounting forces; heat the cone (induction heater, max 120 °C) and never tighten the adjusting nut to seat it — draw it up by torque, then back off to the mark, leaving roughly 0.05–0.20 mm end play on the 150 mm shaft.",
      "The 320 narrow series at 150 mm bore keeps the OD down to 225 mm for space-limited hubs; its 48 mm width carries less load than a 30230, so do not substitute it into a 302 application without re-rating.",
      "The 48 mm-wide 32030 ring seats against a shaft and housing shoulder whose fillet must clear the bearing chamfer: keep the corner radius small enough that the 150 mm bore and 225 mm cup seat square — an undercut beats an oversized radius, which lifts the ring and edge-loads the 37.5 mm section.",
      "When mounting 32030 to a 150 mm shaft, warm the cone to 80–100 °C and slide it dry to the shoulder; cooling shrinks it into its interference, whereas hammering a cold cone through a 225 mm assembly dents the tapered raceway before first run.",
      "Inspect the removed 32030 cone and cup as a pair: pitting on the 225 mm cup with a clean cone usually means seal failure and water ingress, while rib scoring on the 150 mm cone points to wrong preload or lost EP film — the two faults need different corrections.",
      "Assign fits by which ring rotates: an interference shaft fit for a rotating cone; if the cup rotates instead, reverse the logic — a loose rotating ring creeps and frets its seat.",
      "A single 32030 takes thrust in ONE direction — the rollers roll toward the rib under load, so reverse thrust unloads the contact. For a wheel or pinion use an opposing 320-series pair adjusted against each other."
    ],
    "faq": [
      {
        "q": "What are the dimensions of a 32030 tapered roller bearing?",
        "a": "A 32030 single-row metric tapered roller bearing per ISO 355 has a 150 mm bore, 225 mm outer diameter and 48 mm total assembly width (5.906 × 8.858 × 1.89 in), a 37.5 mm radial section and roughly 5410 g geometry-based estimated mass; catalogue masses vary with roller and cage design."
      },
      {
        "q": "How does the 32030 bore code work?",
        "a": "The last two digits of 32030 are bore code 30, giving 30 × 5 = 150 mm bore — the same convention as 6xx ball bearings, starting at code 04 (20 mm). The 225 mm OD and 48 mm width come from the ISO 355 diameter and width series, not the bore code alone."
      },
      {
        "q": "What is the cone and cup of 32030?",
        "a": "Tapered roller bearings are separable: the cone is the inner ring with the tapered rollers and cage, the cup is the outer ring. 32030 denotes a matched cone-and-cup set. They are fitted separately — cone pressed on the shaft, cup in the housing — and adjusted against each other."
      },
      {
        "q": "How is the preload or clearance of 32030 set?",
        "a": "At fit-up the 150 mm-bore cone is tightened against the cup while the hub is rotated, seated, then backed off to the specified end play — a typical starting range of 0.05–0.20 mm for a 150 mm bore — and locked with shims, a locknut or a spacer. Too tight overheats and seizes the rib; too loose causes skid, noise and early wear. Confirm the exact figure in the hub or axle-maker procedure."
      },
      {
        "q": "Can 32030 take axial load in both directions?",
        "a": "A single 32030 takes thrust in one direction only — the roller large ends bear against the inner-ring rib under load. Bidirectional axial load requires an opposed pair: X (face-to-face) tolerates misalignment slightly better, O (back-to-back) gives a wider load centre and more moment stiffness."
      }
    ],
    "cross_ref": [
      {
        "equiv_sku": "32030",
        "equiv_brand": "ISO 15",
        "level": "full",
        "note": "ISO 15 boundary-dimension envelope; brand-specific OEM equivalents (NSK/FAG/NTN) pending multi-source data."
      }
    ],
    "source_ref": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42264.html",
    "catalog_ver": "iso355-geometry",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-24",
    "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
    "confidence_score": 0.7,
    "status": "published",
    "aliases": [],
    "locale_variants": {},
    "temp_min_c": -30,
    "temp_max_c": 120,
    "clearance_options": [
      "CN"
    ]
  }
]